1. The root cause of sufferings according to Buddha is
(A) Janma
(B) Duhkha
(C) Trisnā
(D) Avidyā
Answers: (D)
2. The reference to Varna-dharma is found first in
(A) Manusmriti
(B) Bhagavad Gita
(C) Ramayana
(D) Purusha-sukta
Answers: (D)
3. Which of the following Purusharthas are included in Trivarga?
(A) Artha, Kama, Moksa
(B) Artha, Dharma, Kama
(C) Moksa, Dharma, Kama
(D) Artha, Dharma, Moksa
Answers: (B)
4. Shila is
(A) Means to Prajñā
(B) A kind of Pāramitas
(C) Means to Punya
(D) All the above
Answers: (D)
5. According to ‘Antirepresentationalists’,
(A) Picture and reality are synonymous.
(B) There is an absolute picture of reality.
(C) There is no one picture of reality.
(D) There is no picture of reality.
Answers: (D)
6. According to Aristotle the three kinds of soul are
(A) Ghost soul, animal soul, human soul
(B) God soul, ghost soul, human soul
(C) God soul, animal soul, plant soul
(D) Plant soul, animal soul, human soul
Answers: (D)
7. According to which of the following “theory of truth for a formal language could serve as a theory of meaning for natural language”?
(A) P.F. Strawson
(B) Ludwig Wittgenstein
(C) B. Russell
(D) Donald Davidson
Answers: (D)
8. Kant classifies categories of understanding fewer than four heads as
(A) Quality, spirit, modality and matter
(B) Quantity, quality, relation and modality
(C) Substance, matter, spirit and quality
(D) Relation, spirit, substance and quantity
Answers: (B)
9. Which one of the following is not true of Heidegger’s Dasein?
(A) It is essentially self-conscious.
(B) It is engaged with the world.
(C) It is always an actuality and not possibility.
(D) It is always a possibility and not an actuality.
Answers: (C)
10. The proposition basic to idealism which Moore rejects is
(A) Cogito-ergo-sum
(B) The thing in itself is non-empirical
(C) esse est percipi
(D) Ideas are no less real than matter
Answers: (C)
11. The theory that objects are permanent possibilities of sensations is called
(A) Psychologism
(B) Phenomenalism
(C) Phenomenology
(D) Objectivism
Answers: (B)
12. Locke is awww.netugc.com
(A) Realist
(B) Representative realist
(C) Idealist
(D) Representative idealist
Answers: (Wrong question)
13. According to Russell physical objects are
(A) Ideas
(B) Bogus entities
(C) Logical construction
(D) Illusions
Answers: (C)
14. Consider the following statements:
1. Life is worth living
2. Birth and death are the two ends of life
3. Honesty is one of the prime virtues.
4. Akbar was a secular Mughal emperor
Which of the statements given above are the statements of value?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2, 3 and 4 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 2 and 3 only
Answers: (A)
15. Which one of the following is not implied by Kant’s, Copernican revolution?
(A) Rejection of Naive realism
(B) Blindness of sensible intuition without concepts
(C) Rejection of transcendental idealism
(D) Emptiness of thought or concepts without sensible intuition.
Answers: (C)
16. Descartes’ assertion, ‘I have an idea of a most perfect being’, is a premise in his
(A) Cosmological argument
(B) Ontological argument
(C) Argument from design
(D) Cosmological and ontological argument both
Answers: (B)
17. According to Sakara Vyāvahārika Sattā is falsified by
(A) Prātibhāsika Satta
(B) Pāramārthika Satta
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) Neither (A) nor (B)
Answers: (B)
18. Who holds that acit is as much a part of reality as cit is
(A) Rāmāmuja
(B) Sankara
(C) Nāgārjuna
(D) None of the above
Answers: (A)
19. The relation of which pairs of relata mentioned below is not Samavāya?
(A) Ghatarūpa and Ghata
(B) Ghatarūpa and Samavāya
(C) Ghatatva and Ghata
(D) Ghata and its halves
Answers: (B)
20. The first step of teaching of Pancaila of Buddhism refrains from which of the following?
(A) Vikāla Bhojana
(B) Adinādāna
(C) Pranatipāta
(D) Mūsavādā
Answers: (C)
21. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the code given below:
List – I List – II
(Supreme Value) (Religion)
a. Ahimsā i. Islam
b. Sacrifice ii. Buddhism
c. Brotherhood iii. Christianity
d. Desirelessness iv. Jainism
Codes:
a b c d
(A) i ii iii iv
(B) ii i iv iiiwww.netugc.com
(C) iv iii i ii
(D) iii i ii iv
Answers: (Wrong question)
22. Who does not accept ‘Yogaja Sannikar ha’?
(A) Naiyāyikas
(B) Mimāmsakas
(C) Vaiśeikas
(D) Sākhyas
Answers: (B)
23. Which one is not correctly matched?
(A) Yogyatā, Sannidhi, Tatparya
(B) Āptavākya, Vākyaśesa, Vivti
(C) Bhuyodarśana, Vyākarana, āsatti
(D) Upādhinirāsa, tarka, Sāmānyalakshana pratyaksha
Answers: (C)
24. Select from the code which is not a means of Sābdagraha
(A) Upamāna
(B) Āptavākya
(C) Vākyaśesa
(D) Yogyatā
Answers: (D)
25. ‘Fire is cold because it has coldness’ the inference commits the fallacy of
(A) Anaikāntika
(B) Bādha
(C) Asiddha
(D) None of the above
Answers: (B)
26. Who holds knowledge as a substance?
(A) Samkhya and Advaita Vedānta
(B) Samkhya and Yoga
(C) Advaita Vedanta and Jaina
(D) Nyāya and Buddhist
Answers: (A)
27. Which one of the following pairs reflects two fundamental crises of Modern Culture according to Husserl?
(A) War and Terrorism
(B) Rationality and Technology
(C) Relativism and Scepticism
(D) Agnosticism and Scepticism
Answers: (C)
28. Who says “Consciousness is the whole or true self claiming to the legislative for its parts. Its claim is the claim of the self, as a conscious and rational being, to judge any particular manifestation of itself in voluntary action”?
(A) Whitehead
(B) Ross
(C) Muirhead
(D) Clark
Answers: (C)
29. The ‘Right of Contract’ is indispensable for
(A) Right to live
(B) Right to be free
(C) Right to property
(D) Right to education
Answers: (C)
30. As an empiricist, Locke claims that all our knowledge is derived either through sensation or
(A) Perception
(B) Reflection
(C) Thinking
(D) None of the above
Answers: (B)
31. According to Kant, the ideas of‘reason’ are
(A) Regulative and constitutive
(B) Affirmative and negative
(C) Negative and probable
(D) Constitutive and regulative
Answers: (D)
32. According to Kant, a person becomes aware of the freedom of his will because
(A) It is an apriori condition of the experience of obligation.
(B) He has empirical experience of it.
(C) It is an apriori condition of experience of senses.
(D) It can be demonstrated by science.
Answers: (A)
33. Match List – I with List – II and choose the correct answer from the code given below:
List – I List – II
(Ideas) (Philosophers)
a. Swaraj is my birth right i. Sri Rabindranath Tagore
b. Awakening in the Land of Heaven ii. Mahatma Gandhi
c. Hind Swaraj iii. Dr. K.C. Bhattacharya
d. Swaraj in Ideas iv. Lokmānya B.G. Tilak
Codes:
a b c d
(A) iv i ii iii
(B) ii i iv iii
(C) iii i ii iv
(D) i iii ii iv
Answers: (A)
34. The ideal of Niskāmakarma implies
(A) Motiveless action
(B) Desireless action
(C) Inaction
(D) Infatuated action
Answers: (B)
35. Who holds ūtārthapatti as a form of arthāpatti?
(A) Prābhākar Mimāsā and Bhātta Mimāsā
(B) Bhātta Mimāsā and Vedānta
(C) Bhātta Mimāsā and Nyāya
(D) Prābhākara Mimāsā and Vedānta
Answers: (B)
36. Match List – I with List – II and select correct answer by using code given below:
List – I List – II
a. Buddhism i. Both prāmāya and aprāmāya are Swatah
b. Sākhya ii. Both prāmāya and aprāmāya are Paratah
c. Nyāyavaiśesikā iii. Swatahprāmāya and paratahaprāmāya
d. Jainism iv. Both prāmānya and aprāmāya are paratah (origin)
Codes:
a b c d
(A) iii i ii iv
(B) i ii iii iv
(C) ii iii i iv
(D) iii i iv ii
Answers: (A)
37. Who aims the objective study of consciousness?
(A) Phenomenalism
(B) Existentialism
(C) Phenomenology
(D) Idealism
Answers: (C)
38. According to Nyāya during the perception of Abhāva ‘Indriyārtha- Sannikarsa’ takes place though
(A) Samyoga
(B) Samavāya
(C) Viśesana – veśesa – bhāva
(D) Samveta – Samvāya
Answers: (C)
39. The anumāna ‘Śabdahnityahk takatvāt’, commits the hetvābhāsa known as
(A) Satpratipaksa
(B) Asiddha
(C) Viruddha
(D) Bādhita
Answers: (C)
40.Pañcakalpanā, according to the Buddhists, is
(A) Nāma, jāti, guna, kriyā and avayava
(B) Nāma, jāti, guna, kriyā and dravya
(C) Nāma, jāti, guna, kriyā and svalaksana
(D) Nāma, sāmānyalaksana, guna, kriyā and svalaksana
Answers: (B)
41. Who said that there is a central fire around which the earth, the sun, the moon and five planets move?
(A) Thales
(B) Heraclitus
(C) Pythagoras
(D) Anaximander
Answers: (C)
42. What are the objects of Sāmānyalaksana pratyaksa?
(A) Universal character of an individual
(B) Universal and the particular at the same time
(C) All the individuals belonging to a class
(D) An individual characterised by its universal.
Answers: (C)
43. Read following options and choose the right answer from given code: www.netugc.com
Options:
1. The means may be linked to a seed and the end to a tree.
2. There is no wall of separation between means and end.
3. The realisation of the goal is proportional to the means employed.
Codes:
(A) 1 and 2
(B) 2 and 3
(C) 1 and 3
(D) 1, 2, and 3
Answers: (D)
44. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
(A) Leibnitz – Pragmatic theory of truth
(B) Descartes – Correspondence theory of truth
(C) Spinoza – The self-evidence theory of truth
(D) William James – Coherence theory of truth
Answers: (C)
45. According to Nyaya-Vaiśesika, the non-existence of jar on the floor is perceived because
(A) The eye is in contact with the floor, which is qualified by the floorness.
(B) The eye is in contact with the floor, which is qualified by non-existence of the jar.
(C) There is no jar qualified by floorness.
(D) There is only floor not qualified by jarness.
Answers: (B)
46. According to Nyāya school anumiti is possible without
(A) Paksha jnāna
(B) Paramarajnāna
(C) Sādhyajnāna
(D) Udhāraajnāna
Answers: (C)
47. The view ‘Truth of Cognition exists in its utilitarian value, is supported by
(A) Emotive theory
(B) Coherence theory
(C) Pragmatic theory
(D) Semantic theory
Answers: (C)
48. The conversational method of Socrates took place in the form of
(A) A Sceptic
(B) A Certainty
(C) A kind of Dialectic
(D) As a Verbal Jugglary
Answers: (C)
49. The conceptual instrument with which inductive conclusions are expressed is
(A) The concept of necessity.
(B) The concept of relation.
(C) The concept of probability.
(D) None of the above
Answers: (C)
50. According to the feminist thinker Kristeva, religion as a language maintains the tension between an
(A) Physical needs and personal cognition of reality.
(B) Psychological needs and objective cognition of reality.
(C) Psychological needs and personal cognition of reality.
(D) Divine needs and theological cognition of reality.
Answers: (C)
51. Utilitarians argue that natural rights should be regarded as
(A) Primary rules of conduct
(B) Secondary rules of conduct
(C) Legal rules of conduct
(D) Moral rules of conduct
Answers: (B)
52. Evaluate the argument and select the correct option:
Argument:
(∃x) Lx ⊃ (Y) (Py⊃ Ly)
(∃x) Hx⊃ (Y) (Ly ⊃Hy)
∴ (∃x) (Hx · Lx) ⊃ (Y) (Py⊃Hy)
Option:
(A) Valid
(B) Invalid
(C) True
(D) False
Answers: (A)
53. If ‘A’ and ‘B’ are true and ‘X’ and ‘Y’ are false statements, which of the following compound statements are true?
(A) ~ (A ∨ X)
(B) A ∨ (X · Y)
(C) A · [X ∨ (B · Y)]
(D) [(A · X) ∨ – B] · – [(A · X) ∨ – B]
Answers: (B)
54. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from given
Code:
List – I List – II
a. Proposition i. Curl
b. Negation ii. Valid
c. Argument iii. True/False
d. Sentence iv. Exclamation
Codes:
a b c d
(A) iii iv i ii
(B) iii i ii iv
(C) iv iii ii i
(D) iv ii i iii
Answers: (B)
55. In the context of correspondence theory of truth evaluate following
(‘A’ and ‘R’) and select proper option:
Assertion (A): Truth cannot be defined in terms of “a relation between object and proposition”.
Reason (R): A proposition can never be a copy of an object.
Codes:
(A) (A) and (R) both are true and (R) provides a correct explanation of (A).
(B) (A) and (R) both are false and (R) provides a correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) and (R) both are false and (R) does not provide a correct explanation of (A).
(D) (A) and (R) both are true and (R) does not provide a correct explanation of (A).
Answers: (A)
56. Inductive logic studies the way in which a premise may
(A) Support and entail a conclusion.
(B) Not support but entail a conclusion.
(C) Support a conclusion without entailing it.
(D) Neither support nor entail a conclusion.
Answers: (C)
57. Which one of the following is a tautology?
(A) (p∨ q) ⊃ p
(B) (p⊃ q) ∨ (q ⊃ p)
(C) p⊃ q
(D) (p · q) ∨ p
Answers: (B)
58. ‘p∨ q’ is equivalent to
(A) ~ (p · ~ q)
(B) ~ (~ p · ~ q)
(C) ~ (q · ~ p)
(D) ~ p · ~ q
Answers: (B)
59. ‘Soldiers are never coward’ is a proposition of the form
(A) I
(B) A
(C) E
(D) O
Answers: (C)
60. The syllogism ‘Some lions are friendly; No friendly things roar,
Therefore, no lions roar”
(A) Is a valid syllogism
(B) Commits the fallacy of illicit major
(C) Commits the fallacy of four terms
(D) Commits the fallacy of illicit minor
Answers: (D)
61. The contrapositive of the proposition
“All A’s are B’s” is
(A) Some B’s are non A’s
(B) No non A’s are non B’s
(C) All non B’s are non A’s
(D) Some B’s are not non A’s
Answers: (C)
62. An experiment held to decide with certainty between two hypotheses is called
(A) Critical experiment
(B) Crucial experiment
(C) Rational experiment
(D) Controlled experiment
Answers: (B)
63. If the universal quantification of a propositional function is true then
(A) Its existential quantification may be false.
(B) Its existential quantification may be true.
(C) Its existential quantification must also be true.
(D) Its existential quantification must be false.
Answers: (C)
64. Consider List – I & List – II and select the correctly matched pair using the code given below:
List – I List – II
a. Śrutiprasthāna i. Brahmasūtras
b. Nyāyaprasthāna ii. Srimadbhagavadgīta
c. Smtiprasthāna iii. Upanisads
d. Vivaranaprasthāna iv. Padmapādācārya
Codes:
a b c d
(A) iii i iv ii
(B) iii i ii iv
(C) i ii iii iv
(D) ii iii i iv
Answers: (B)
65. According to Nyāya we know the relation of Vyāpti by
(A) Nirvikalpaka Pratyaksa
(B) Anupalabdhi
(C) Sāmānya – laksana pratyaksa
(D) Upamāna
Answers: (C)
66. Which one of the following holds upamāna as a tool for ‘Samjnā- Samjnī-sabandha jnāna’?
(A) PrābhākaraMimāsā
(B) BhāttaMimāsā
(C) Nyāya
(D) Vedānta
Answers: (C)
67. The basis of our knowledge of nearness and farness is
(A) Ākāśa
(B) Kāla
(C) Dik
(D) Manas
Answers: (C)
68. Which one of the following pairs is the foundation of feminism?
(A) Equality and Humanity
(B) Freedom and Humanism
(C) Equality and Freedom
(D) Sisterhood and Humanism
Answers: (C)
69. Who holds that a special duty of a human being is strictly determined by his particular station in life and he should perform these duties faithfully to realize his highest personal good and the general good?
(A) Kant
(B) Bradley
(C) Manu
(D) Kautilya
Answers: (B)
70. Which one of the following pairs represents a true contrast?
(A) Reflective morality – Personal choice and will
(B) Group morality – Customary morality
(C) Freedom of will – Determinism
(D) Law of society – External Law
Answers: (C)
71. Match List – I with List – II and mark correct answer from given code:
List – I List – II
a. Quantitative Utilitarianism i. Rashdall
b. Rational Utilitarianismü ii. Bentham
c. Qualitative Utilitarianism iii. Sedgwick
d. Ideal Utilitarianism iv. Mill
Codes:
a b c d
(A) ii iii iv i
(B) ii iii i iv
(C) iv i iii ii
(D) ii iv iii ii
Answers: (A)www.netugc.com
72. Match List – I with List – II and mark correct answer from given code:
List – I List – II
a. Habit i. Repeated voluntary action
b. Moral Judgement ii. Voluntary action
c. Intention iii. Final cause of action
d. Character iv. Permanent bent of mind
Codes:
a b c d
(A) i ii iii iv
(B) ii iii i iv
(C) iv iii i ii
(D) i iii ii iv
Answers: (A)
73. Ethics is the study of the concepts involved in
(A) Speculative reasoning
(B) Pure reasoning
(C) Abstract reasoning
(D) Practical reasoning
Answers: (D)
74. “Ends justify means” is derived by the
(A) Utilitarians
(B) Pragmatists
(C) Deontologists
(D) Imperativists
Answers: (Wrong question)
75. According to G.E. Moore goodness is
(A) Simple, unanalyzable quality known by intuition
(B) Simple, analyzable quality known by intuition
(C) Complex, unanalyzable quality known by reason
(D) Simple, unanalyzable quality known by experience
Answers: (A)
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