1. Given below are two statements, one labelled as ‘Assertion’ (A) and the other labeled as ‘Reason’ (R). In the context of these two, which one of the given options is true as per logical positivism?
Assertion (A): Metaphysics is nonsense.
Reason (R): Metaphysical statements are not verifiable.
Codes:
(A) (A) is true and (R) is false and (R) provides a correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) provides a correct explanation of (A).
(C) Both (A) and (R) are false and (R) does not provide a correct explanation of (A).
(D) (A) is false and (R) is true and (R) does not provide correct explanation of (A).
Answer: (B)
2. Consider the given Assertion and Reason and mark the correct option in the light of St. Augustine’s problem of evil.
Assertion (A): Evil is necessary for the enhancement of the greater good.
Reason (R): Evil is not a positive, but a private good.
Codes:
(A) (A) and (R) both are true and (R) provides correct explanation of (A).
(B) (A) and (R) both are true and (R) does not provide correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true and (R) is false and (R) does not provide correct explanation of (A).
(D) (A) is false and (R) is true and (R) does not provide correct explanation of (A).
Answer: (B)
3. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A), and other labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Descartes’ method is called mathematical method.
Reason (R): His aim is to find a body of certain and self-evident truths.
In the context of the above statements, which one of the following is correct?
Codes:
(A) (A) is true and (R) is false and (R) provides a correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not provide a correct explanation to (A).
(C) (A) is false, (R) is true and (R) provides correct explanation to (A).
(D) Both (A) and (R) are false and (R) does not provide correct explanation to (A).
Answer: (B)
4. According to Kant _________ the proper objects of faith are
(A) Phenomena
(B) Noumena
(C) Both Phenomena and Noumena
(D) Neither Phenomena nor Noumena
Answer: (B)
5. The Philosopher who is associated with the Law of Sufficient Reason:
(A) Locke
(B) Berkeley
(C) Leibnitz
(D) Plato
Answer: (C)
6. Which one of the following is not the work of Immanuel Kant?
(A) Critique of Pure Reason
(B) Foundations of Metaphysics of Morals
(C) Critique of Practical Reason
(D) The Phenomenology of Spirit
Answer: (D)
7. According to Russell, three “Primitive Ideas’ are
(A) ‘0’, ‘Number’ and ‘Successor’
(B) ‘Facts’, ‘Statements’ and ‘Logic’
(C) ‘Logical Atomism’, ‘Commonsense’ and ‘Science’
(D) ‘God’, ‘Soul’ and ‘World’
Answer: (A)
8. Read undernoted sentences carefully and mark the correct option as given below sentences:
I. Moore is a common sense philosopher.
II. Moore is an Idealist.
III. Moore refutes Philosophy of sense-data.
IV. Moore is a Realist.
Codes:
(A) Only I is true.
(B) I& II are true but III & IV are false.
(C) All but IV is true.
(D) I& IV are true but II & III are false.
Answer: (D)
9. Consider the following statements with regard to the Ethical Theory of Sophists and mark the correct codes:
1. Morality is based on primary ethical feeling and desires.
2. Morality is what is agreeable, useful, and desirable to the majority of the people and thus it is based on convention.
3. The basis of State laws is ‘might is right’.
Codes:
(A) 1 and 3 are true and 2 are false.
(B) 1, 2 and 3 are true.
(C) 1 and 2 are true and 3 are false.
(D) Only 3 is true and 1 and 2 are false.
Answer: (B)
10. Which of the following philosophers viewed that “Earth is cylindrical in shape and moves freely in space.”?
(A) Anaximenes
(B) Thales
(C) Anaximander
(D) Aristotle
Answer: (C)
11. Which group of the philosophers noted below was largely responsible for drawing a distinction between nature and convention?
(A) Sophists
(B) Ionists
(C) Ealatics
(D) Milesian
Answer: (A)www.netugc.com
12. Who is marked as the ‘First Existentialist Philosopher’ with Soren Kierkegaard?
(A) Friedrich Nietzsche
(B) Francis Nietzsche
(C) Jean Paul Sartre
(D) Zean Paul Sartre
Answer: (A)
13. Match List – I with List – II and mark the correct option as given below:
List – I List – II
a. Atomism i. Locke
b. Refutation of Innate Ideas ii. Hegel
c. Rationalism iii. Husserl
d. Psychologism iv. Democritus
Codes:
a b c d
(A) iv ii i iii
(B) iv i ii iii
(C) iii i ii iv
(D) iv ii iii i
Answer: (B)
14. Under the light of given two statements mark the correct option as given below:
Statements:
I. The ultimate reality can be explained in terms of reason.
II. The ultimate reality can be explained in the terms of causal relation.
Options:
(A) The Statement – I is true in the context of Hegel’s Philosophy but the Statement – II is false in the context of Advaita Vedanta.
(B) The Statement – I is false in the context of Vedanta Philosophy and the Statement – II is false in the context of Hegel’s Philosophy.
(C) Both the given statements are true in the context of Advaita Vedanta and Hegel’s Philosophy but false in the context of both the philosophies.
(D) The Statement – I is false in the context of Hegel’s Philosophy and Advaita Philosophy as well.
Answer: (B)
15. Pragmatism is a reaction against
(A) Absolute-Idealism and Anti- Intellectualism
(B) Absolute-Idealism and Intellectualism
(C) Idealism and Anti- Intellectualism
(D) All of these
Answer: (B)
16. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). In the light of these two, mark the correct option as given below:
Assertion (A): David Hume is a sceptic.
Reason (R): According to him the relation between cause and effect is only psychological, but not logical.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, (R) is false and (R) provides correct explanation of (A).
(D) (A) is false, (R) is true and (R) does not provide correct explanation to (A).
Answer: (A)
17. According to Russell, atoms are
(A) Physical
(B) Spiritual
(C) Both of these
(D) None of these
Answer: (D)
18. Consider given Assertion and Reason and mark the correct options as given below:
Assertion (A): Aristotle in his work Metaphysics severely criticised the Number Theory of Pythagoras.
Reason (R): Aristotle’s criticicm follows from his philosophy of matter and form, and theory of causation.
Codes:
(A) (A) and (R) both are true and (R) provides correct explanation for (A).
(B) (A) and (R) both are false and (R) does not provide correct explanation for (A).
(C) (A) is true and (R) is false and (R) does not provide a correct explanation for (A).
(D) (A) is false and (R) is true and (R) does not provide a correct explanation for (A).
Answer: (A)
19. Which of the philosophers noted below rejected suicide on the ground that instead of putting an end to the wheel of transmigration, it really strengthens it?
(A) Pythagoras
(B) Democritus
(C) Heraclitus
(D) Plato
Answer: (A)
20. The doctrine of Hylozoism associated with Thales states that
(A) Only water possesses life
(B) Matter possesses life
(C) Matter does not possess life
(D) Both Matter and spirit possess life
Answer: (B)
21. Theory of ‘Rarefaction’ and ‘Condensation’ is given by
(A) Epicures
(B) Anaximenes
(C) Thales
(D) Heraclitus
Answer: (B)
22. Which one of the following four causes of Aristotle can be said to be the Aristotlian counterpart of the Platonic form?
(A) Material cause
(B) Efficient cause
(C) Formal cause
(D) Final cause
Answer: (C)
23. Who says that ‘Upanishad’ means ‘secret instructions’?
(A) Paul Diason
(B) Keith
(C) Radhakrishnan
(D) Shankar
Answer: (A)
24. The movements of stars and planets according to Vedic literature is guided by
(A) The Will of God
(B) The Will of the Devatas
(C) ___ R.ta
(D) Yajña
Answer: (C)
25. ‘Ātmā is ____________ dehaparimāa ’ this view is upheld by
(A) Baudha
(B) Cārvāka
(C) Both Bauddha & Cārvāka
(D) Jaina
Answer: (D)
26. Select the right order of five Skandhas according to Buddhism:
(A) Roop, Saskār, Vijān, Samanya and Vednā
(B) Roop, Samj ā, Vednā, Saskārand Vijān
(C) Roop, Vednā, Samj ā, Saskārand Vijān
(D) Roop, Vijān, Samj ā, Saskārand Vednā
Answer: (C)
27. Jain Metaphysics is known as
(A) Idealistic Pluralism
(B) Realistic Pluralism
(C) Idealistic Monism
(D) Realistic Monism
Answer: (B)
28. What is the correct sequence of Niyamas, according to Yoga Darshana?
(A) –Sauca, Santo a, Tapas, Svādhyāya, –I–s hvarpraidhāna
(B) Santo a, –Sauca, –I –s hvarpraidhāna, Tapas, Svādhyāya
(C) Tapas, Svādhyāya, –Sauca, Santo a, –I –shvarpraidhāna
(D) –I–shvarpraidhāna, –Sauca, Santo a, Tapas and Svādhyāya
Answer: (A)
29. Consider the List – I with List – II and select the code correctly matched:www.netugc.com
List – I List – II
a. Prasastapada i. Tattva Kaumudi
b. Vacaspatimisra ii. Slokavārthika
c. Jayanta Bhatta iii. Nyāya Manjari
d. Kumarila iv. Padārtha dharma Sagraha
Codes:
a b c d
(A) i ii iii iv
(B) iv i iii ii
(C) ii i iii iv
(D) iv ii i iii
Answer: (B)
30. Yaj a is performed under the direction of
(A) Iśvara
(B) Devatā
(C) R.tvika
(D) Yajmāna
Answer: (C)
31. The ______________ asamavayikāra a of the colour of a piece of cloth is
(A) The piece of cloth itself
(B) The colour of the piece of cloth
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) The colour of the threads
Answer: (D)
32. The root meaning of Bhagvadgita’s doctrine of Niskāma karma is
(A) Doing action considering oneself as an instrument of God.
(B) Doing action without attachment.
(C) Doing action for others
(D) Doing action for attaining liberation
Answer: (B)
33. According to Mimamsakas the following are included among the Śrutivākyas:
(A) Vidhi, Ni edha, Tarkavākya
(B) Vidhi, Tarkavākya, Arthavāda
(C) Vidhi, Ni edha, Arthavāda
(D) Tarkavākya, Arthavāda, Ni edha
Answer: (C)
34. Who among the following divided Veda into four?
(A) K a
(B) Vyāsa
(C) Manu
(D) None of the above
Answer: (D)
35. According to Jaina Philosophy, which one of the following is not the characteristic of Reality?
(A) Origination
(B) Decay
(C) Permanence
(D) Impermanence
Answer: (D)
36. Kumaril accepts soul as
(A) Only partially un-conscious
(B) Only partially conscious
(C) Partially conscious and partially unconscious both
(D) None of these
Answer: (A)
37.Carvaka did not accept Anumāna because:
(A) The object of Anumāna cannot be verified through perception.
(B) We cannot establish the necessary relation between Hetu and Sadhya
(C) Anumāna generally is used for proving unreal things such as God and Soul.
(D) Anumāna is based on perception
Answer: (B)
38. Who has said that “The Whole of the Western World is sitting on a Volcano which may burst tomorrow, go to pieces tomorrow.”?
(A) K.C. Bhattacharyya
(B) Radhakrishnan
(C) Krishnamurti
(D) Vivekānand
Answer: (D)
39. Which modern Indian Philosopher propounds that rebirth is essential for individual/soul evolution?
(A) Gandhi
(B) K.C. Bhattacharyya
(C) Iqbal
(D) Sri Aurobindo
Answer: (D)
40. According to Rāmānuja, Iswara consists of
(A) Sajatiya Bheda
(B) Vijātiya Bheda
(C) Svagata Bheda
(D) None of the above
Answer: (C)
41. Given below are two sentences labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). On the context of these two, mark the correct option as given below:
Assertion (A): The basics of Buddhism as a religion are: The Buddha, the Dhamma and Sangha.
Reason (R): The 3 basic features of Buddhist Philosophy are: Aneka, Asatta and Dukkha
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) provides correct explanation of (A).
(B) (A) is true, but (R) is false and (R) does not provide correct explanation to (A).
(C) Both (A) and (R) are false and (R) provides correct explanation to (A).
(D) (A) is false, (R) is true, and (R) provides correct explanation to (A).
Answer: (B)
42. Given below are two sets 1 and 2.
Set 1 represents the names of texts and set 2 represents the names of authors. Select the correctly matched code:
Set – 1 Set – 2
a. Nirukta i. Udayana
b. Vādavidhi ii. Dharmakirti
c. Ātmatattvaviveka iii. Vasubandhu
d. Nyāyabindu iv. Yāska
Codes:
a b c d
(A) i ii iii iv
(B) iv iii i ii
(C) ii i iii iv
(D) i iii ii iv
Answer: (B)
43. The first systematic expounder of Advaita Vedānta is
(A) Śa .mkara
(B) Rāmānuja
(C) Gaudapāda
(D) Vacasp.ati Misra
Answer: (C)
44. Spinoza explains the body-mind relation through the following doctrine:
(A) Interactionism
(B) Pre-established harmony
(C) Psycho-physical parallelism
(D) Epiphenomenalism
Answer: (C)
45. The doctrine of ‘Language Games’ is associated with the following thinker:
(A) Wittgenstein
(B) Russell
(C) Ayer
(D) Moore
Answer: (A)
46. Match the List – I with List – II and mark correct option given below:
List – I List – II
(Thinkers) (Books)
a. Descartes i. A Treatise of Human Nature
b. Spinoza ii. Theodiceae
c. Leibnitz iii. Ethica
d. Hume iv. Meditations
Codes:
a b c d
(A) ii iii iv i
(B) ii iv i iii
(C) iv iii ii i
(D) iii iv i ii
Answer: (C)
47. Naiyāyikas accept the following theory of error:
(A) Sat-khyāti
(B) Asat-khyāti
(C) Anyathā-khyāti
(D) Ātam-khyāti
Answer: (C)
48. Knowledge of self is possible through the following method according to Radhakrishnan:
(A) Intelligence
(B) Intuition
(C) Experience
(D) Imagination
Answer: (B)
49. Match the List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:www.netugc.com
List – I List – II
(Theories of Causation) (System)
a. Satkaryavāda i. Sāmkhya
b. Asatkāryavāda ii. Vishistadvaita
c. Vivartavāda iii. Nyāya
d. Brahmaparināmvāda iv. Advaita Vedanta
Codes:
a b c d
(A) i iii iv ii
(B) iii i iv ii
(C) i iii ii iv
(D) iii i ii iv
Answer: (A)
50. Who called God as Natura Naturata?
(A) Locke
(B) Kant
(C) Spinoza
(D) Hume
Answer: (C)
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